![]() These conditions are easily satisfied in water-damaged buildings, damp buildings and badly insulated buildings. A number of researchers have already pointed out that indoor building materials can become major sites of microbial growth when promoting conditions, such as high humidity and nutrient content, are present. aerial particles, such as spores, allergens, toxins and other metabolites, that can be serious health hazards to occupants. ![]() Microorganisms may produce contaminants, i.e. The presence of microbial populations in damp indoor environments is one of the main causes of the degradation of indoor air quality and contributes to sick building syndrome. Indoor air pollution is a serious public health concern and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Coatings developed with TiO 2 nanoparticles have shown good growth reduction of pathogenic fungus, but coatings formulated with silica–titania core–shell nanoparticles killed the fungus fusarium completely and have shown around 90% growth reduction for acremonium species also. Coatings were applied on tiles, dried and tested against pathogenic fungus, and fungus growth reduction was observed up to 7–10 days. These nanoparticles were incorporated in two types of binder, polyurethane and polyacrylic, with the same concentration of nanoparticles. The antifungal effect of the prepared nanoparticles was observed in potato dextrose agar media using the concentration of nanoparticles at 1 wt%. Silica nanoparticles of 92 nm were prepared by the sol–gel process, while TiO 2 nanoparticles and nano-core–shells were prepared through the peptization process with a size of 77 and 144 nm separately. These nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, EDX, FTIR and X-ray diffraction. The idea behind the synthesis of core–shell nanoparticles was to use the mechanical strength of silica and the antimicrobial property of TiO 2 together. In the present study, we developed an antifungal coating formulation using silica, titania and silica–titania core–shell nanoparticles individually.
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